Overview of the Performance and Applications of Advanced Ceramic Matrix Composites in Extreme Environments

Abstract

This review focuses on the properties and applications of advanced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), particularly those based
on alumina, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide matrices, under extreme environments such as high temperatures, high pressures, and intense
radiation. The introduction section outlines the fundamental characteristics of these CMCs and their potential for use in harsh conditions. The
material systems and fabrication techniques section provides an overview of the composition, structure, and preparation processes (including
hot-press sintering, reactive sintering, and chemical vapor deposition) of various CMCs, as well as their impacts on material properties. The
performance of these materials in extreme environments is then analyzed in detail, highlighting key performance indicators such as thermal
stability, oxidation resistance, mechanical strength (including tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness), and thermal shock resistance at high temperatures. The application areas section discusses specific use cases of advanced CMCs in aerospace, nuclear energy, chemical engineering, medical devices, and other fields, including engine components, nuclear reactor structural materials, and high-temperature
sensors. Finally, the review summarizes the current research gaps and challenges, and outlines future directions for material design, fabrication techniques, performance testing, and application expansion. By examining the state-of-the-art advancements and ongoing research in
this field, this review aims to provide insights into the potential and limitations of advanced CMCs in extreme environments, guiding future
research and development efforts.