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Geological and Mining Engineering

Geological and Mining Engineering (GME), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. GME is devoted to publish geological and mining engineering related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on geological and mining engineering throughout the world. GME welcomes all original

ISSN: 3029-1887(P)

3029-2034(O)

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Food Safety and Quality

Food Safety and Quality (FSQ), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. FSQ is devoted to publish food safety and quality related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on food safety and quality throughout the world. FSQ welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

ISSN: 3029-2115(P)

3029-2123(O)

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Hydraulic Engineering and Power Research

Hydraulic Engineering and Power Research (HEPR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. HEPR is devoted to publish hydraulic engineering and power related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on hydraulic engineering and power throughout the world. HEPR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2158(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2166(O)

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Medical and Health Research

Medical and Health Research (MHR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. MHR is devoted to publish medicine related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on medicine throughout the world. MHR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2190(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2204(O)

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Practical Medical Research

Practical Medical Research (PMR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. PMR is devoted to publish medicine related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on medicine throughout the world. PMR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2085(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2093(O)

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Forum on Research and Innovation Management

Forum on Research and Innovation Management (FRIM), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. FRIM is devoted to publish research and innovation management related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on research and innovation management throughout the world. FRIM welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1933(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-1984(O)

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Construction Safety Technology and Management

Construction Safety Technology and Management (CSTM), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. CSTM is devoted to publish construction safety technology and management related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on construction safety technology and management throughout the world. CSTM welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2069(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2077(O)

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Industrial Technology Research

Industrial Technology Research (ITR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. ITR is devoted to publish industrial technology related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on industrial technology throughout the world. ITR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1895(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2026(O)

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Environmental Protection and Health

Environmental Protection and Health (EPH), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. EPH is devoted to publish environmental protection and health related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on environmental protection and health throughout the world. EPH welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1909(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2018(O)

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Artificial Intelligence Technology Research

Artificial Intelligence Technology Research (AITR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. AITR is devoted to publish artificial intelligence technology related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on artificial intelligence technology throughout the world. AITR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1968(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-195X(P)
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Curriculum Learning and Exploration

Curriculum Learning and Exploration (CLE), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. CLE is devoted to publish curriculum related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on curriculum throughout the world. CLE welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1976(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-1941(P)
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Evaluation of Educational Research

Evaluation of Educational Research (EER), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. EER is devoted to publish education related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on education throughout the world. EER welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1992(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-1925(P)
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World Education Forum

World Education Forum (WEF), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. WEF is devoted to publish education related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on education throughout the world. WEF welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-214X(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2131(P)

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New Explorations in Education and Teaching

New Explorations in Education and Teaching (NEET), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. NEET is devoted to publish education related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on education throughout the world. NEET welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-200X(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-1917(P)

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Modern Economic Management Forum

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Modern Economic Management Forum (MEMF), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. MEMF is devoted to publish modern economic management related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on economic management throughout the world. MEMF welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2182(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2174(P)

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Research and Commentary on Humanities and Arts

Research and Commentary on Humanities and ArtsÂ (RCHA), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. RCHA is devoted to publish humanities and arts related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on humanities and arts throughout the world. RCHA welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2050(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2042(P)

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Scineer Publishing is a publisher of open access journals. Covering various disciplines and promoting interdisciplinary development, Scineer Publishing adheres to a principle of respecting academics, and publishes insightful and rigorous academic research contents.

12 Eu Tong Sen Street, #07-168, Singapore 059819

E-mail: scineerpub@126.com

Copyright © 2023 Scineer Publishing Pte. Ltd.

Synergistic Optimization of Cd(II) Adsorption Using Modified Humic Acid: A Hybrid Response Surface Methodology-Artificial Neural Network Approach

Mingyang Wang, Yu Gao*, Lingyu Jin, Li Zhao, Mingda Liu

Abstract

This study investigated humic acid (HA)'s adsorption performance/mechanism for Cd2+ and constructed a hybrid RSM-ANN model
to predict/optimize the process. Batch experiments explored effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Cd2+ concentration, and temperature;
BBD-based RSM and ANN models were built, with predictive abilities compared. RSM identified factor significance as: adsorbent dosage >
initial Cd2+ concentration > temperature > pH. The ANN model showed superior test set performance (R=0.956, RMSE=3.21) vs. traditional
RSM. HA is an efficient, low-cost heavy metal adsorbent; the RSM-ANN hybrid model effectively captured nonlinear relationships in complex adsorption systems, providing a reliable basis for optimizing heavy metal wastewater treatment.

Keywords

Humic acid; Cadmium adsorption; Response Surface Methodology (RSM); Artificial Neural Network (ANN); Process optimization; Water treatment

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References

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[2] Bayram, O., Ozkan, U., Kardes, S., & Sahin, H. T. (2025). Machine learning-based modeling of methyl blue adsorptive removal from

aqueous solutions with lignin. Chemistryselect, 10(38).

[3] Bello, V. E., & Olafadehan, O. A. (2021). Comparative investigation of RSM and ANN for multi-response modeling and optimization

studies of derived chitosan from archachatina marginata shell. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 60(4), 3869–3899.

[4] Chen, H., Berndtsson, R., Ma, M., & Zhu, K. (2009). Characterization of insolubilized humic acid and its sorption behaviors. Environmental Geology, 57(8), 1847–1853.

[5] Ding Y., Liu M., Peng S., Li J., Liang Y., & Shi Z. (2019). Binding characteristics of heavy metals to humic acid before and after fractionation by ferrihydrite. Chemosphere, 226, 140–148.

[6] Guo, X., Garcia, C., Andrade Valle, A. I., Onyelowe, K., Zarate Villacres, A. N., Ebid, A. M., & Hanandeh, S. (2024). Modeling the

influence of lime on the unconfined compressive strength of reconstituted graded soil using advanced machine learning approaches for

subgrade and liner applications. PLOS One, 19(4), e0301075.

[7] Hashem, A., Fletcher, A. J., Younis, H., Mauof, H., & Abou-Okeil, A. (2020). Adsorption of pb(II) ions from contaminated water by 1, 2, 3,

4-butanetetracarboxylic acid-modified microcrystalline cellulose: Isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies. International Journal

of Biological Macromolecules, 164, 3193–3203.

[8] Hokkanen, S., Bhatnagar, A., & Sillanpää, M. (2016). A review on modification methods to cellulose-based adsorbents to improve adsorption capacity. Water Research, 91, 156–173.

[9] Jin, C., Lu, J., Gao, Y., Hu, B., & Liu, Y. (2025). Mechanisms and optimization for simultaneous removal of cd(II) and sb(V) from aqueous solutions using birnessite and fulvic acid composite. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 19502.

[10] Kumar, P., & Tripathy, P. P. (2025). Comparative evaluation and optimization of microwave and ultrasound assisted extraction of stevia

secondary bioactive compounds using RSM and ANN–GA approaches. Sustainable Food Technology.

[11] Li, H., Sun, H., Wang, J., Ma, X., & Wei, Q. (2024). Process optimization of Cd2+ removal with tetradesmus obliquus-immobilized algal beads. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 207, 109336.

[12] Manzoor, Q., Farrukh, M. A., & Sajid, A. (2024). Optimization of lead (II) and chromium (VI) adsorption using graphene oxide/ZnO/

chitosan nanocomposite by response surface methodology. Applied Surface Science, 655, 159544.

[13] Piwowarska, D., Kiedrzyńska, E., & Jaszczyszyn, K. (2024). A global perspective on the nature and fate of heavy metals polluting water

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[14] Rathi, B. S., & Kumar, P. S. (2021). Application of adsorption process for effective removal of emerging contaminants from water and

wastewater. Environmental Pollution, 280, 116995.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.70711/aitr.v3i6.8592

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Scineer Publishing is a publisher of open access journals. Covering various disciplines and promoting interdisciplinary development, Scineer Publishing adheres to a principle of respecting academics, and publishes insightful and rigorous academic research contents.

12 Eu Tong Sen Street, #07-168, Singapore 059819

E-mail: scineerpub@126.com

Copyright © 2023 Scineer Publishing Pte. Ltd.