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Geological and Mining Engineering

Geological and Mining Engineering (GME), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. GME is devoted to publish geological and mining engineering related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on geological and mining engineering throughout the world. GME welcomes all original

ISSN: 3029-1887(P)
3029-2034(O)

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Food Safety and Quality


Food Safety and Quality (FSQ), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. FSQ is devoted to publish food safety and quality related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on food safety and quality throughout the world. FSQ welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

ISSN: 3029-2115(P)
3029-2123(O)

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Hydraulic Engineering and Power Research

Hydraulic Engineering and Power Research (HEPR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. HEPR is devoted to publish hydraulic engineering and power related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on hydraulic engineering and power throughout the world. HEPR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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    ISSN: 3029-2158(P)
         3029-2166(O)

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Medical and Health Research

Medical and Health Research (MHR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. MHR is devoted to publish medicine related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on medicine throughout the world. MHR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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    ISSN: 3029-2190(P)
         3029-2204(O)

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Practical Medical Research

Practical Medical Research (PMR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. PMR is devoted to publish medicine related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on medicine throughout the world. PMR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â


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    ISSN: 3029-2085(P)
          3029-2093(O)

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Forum on Research and Innovation Management

Forum on Research and Innovation Management (FRIM), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. FRIM is devoted to publish research and innovation management related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on research and innovation management throughout the world. FRIM welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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    ISSN: 3029-1933(P)
         3029-1984(O)

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Construction Safety Technology and Management

Construction Safety Technology and Management (CSTM), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. CSTM is devoted to publish construction safety technology and management related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on construction safety technology and management throughout the world. CSTM welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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     ISSN: 3029-2069(P)
           3029-2077(O)

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Industrial Technology Research

Industrial Technology Research (ITR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. ITR is devoted to publish industrial technology related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on industrial technology throughout the world. ITR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

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    ISSN: 3029-1895(P)
          3029-2026(O)

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Environmental Protection and Health

Environmental Protection and Health (EPH), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. EPH is devoted to publish environmental protection and health related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on environmental protection and health throughout the world. EPH welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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    ISSN: 3029-1909(P)
         3029-2018(O)

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Artificial Intelligence Technology Research

Artificial Intelligence Technology Research (AITR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. AITR is devoted to publish artificial intelligence technology related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on artificial intelligence technology throughout the world. AITR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

    ISSN: 3029-1968(O)
         3029-195X(P)
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Curriculum Learning and Exploration

Curriculum Learning and Exploration (CLE), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. CLE is devoted to publish curriculum related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on curriculum throughout the world. CLE welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

    ISSN: 3029-1976(O)
         3029-1941(P)
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Evaluation of Educational Research

Evaluation of Educational Research (EER), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. EER is devoted to publish education related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on education throughout the world. EER welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

    ISSN: 3029-1992(O)
         3029-1925(P)
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World Education Forum

World Education Forum (WEF), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. WEF is devoted to publish education related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on education throughout the world. WEF welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

    ISSN: 3029-214X(O)
         3029-2131(P)

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New Explorations in Education and Teaching

New Explorations in Education and Teaching (NEET), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. NEET is devoted to publish education related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on education throughout the world. NEET welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

    ISSN: 3029-200X(O)
         3029-1917(P)

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Modern Economic Management Forum

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Modern Economic Management Forum (MEMF), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. MEMF is devoted to publish modern economic management related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on economic management throughout the world. MEMF welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â
    ISSN: 3029-2182(O)
         3029-2174(P)

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Research and Commentary on Humanities and Arts

Research and Commentary on Humanities and Arts (RCHA), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. RCHA is devoted to publish humanities and arts related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on humanities and arts throughout the world. RCHA welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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      ISSN: 3029-2050(O)
           3029-2042(P)

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The Cognitive Reconstruction of L2 Writing:An Empirical Investigation of Error Correction Processes in Human GPT-4 Collaborative Writing

Jie Ling, Lixin Zhang

Abstract


This study investigates whether real-time collaboration with GPT-4 reconstructs the cognitive processes of L2 writers during error
correction. Thirty intermediate Chinese EFL learners were assigned to an Experimental Group (EG) using GPT-4 or a Control Group (CG)
using Grammarly. They composed an essay while their eye movements were tracked. Subjective cognitive load and stimulated recall data
were also collected. Results showed the EG produced texts with significantly higher accuracy and syntactic complexity than the CG, with
no fluency difference. Eye-tracking revealed the CG had prolonged, localized fixations on errors, indicating high monitoring load, while the
EG showed a more holistic, integrative attention pattern. The EG also reported lower mental demand and frustration, perceiving GPT-4 as a
"collaborative consultant" versus Grammarly as an "automated examiner." Findings support a model of cognitive reconstruction where LLM
collaboration offloads lower-level error processing, freeing working memory for higher-order concerns and mitigating traditional fluency
accuracy-complexity trade-offs.

Keywords


Large language models; Second language writing; Cognitive load; Error correction; Eye-tracking; Human-AI collaboration

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References


[1] Kellogg, R. T. (1996). A model of working memory in writing. In C. M. Levy & S. Ransdell (Eds.), The science of writing: Theories,

methods, individual differences, and applications(pp. 57–71). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

[2] Kohnke, L., Moorhouse, B. L., & Zou, D. (2023). ChatGPT for language teaching and learning. RELC Journal, 54(2), 537–550.

[3] Lantolf, J. P., Thorne, S. L., & Poehner, M. E. (2020). Sociocultural theory and second language development. In B. VanPatten, G. D.

Keating, & S.Wulff (Eds.), Theories in second language acquisition(3rd ed.,pp. 223–247). Routledge.

[4] Schmidt, R. (1990). The role of consciousness in second language learning.Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 129–158.

[5] Skehan, P. (1998).A cognitive approach to language learning. Oxford University Press.

[6] Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257–285.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.70711/aitr.v3i9.9025

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