Spatial Characteristics of Urban Green Space for Public Health and Implications for Planning and Management
Abstract
research from 2016 to 2025 and retaining landmark studies where necessary, this structured thematic review integrates four dimensions: health
outcomes, causal pathways, spatial characteristics, and planning and management. Spatial pattern, neighborhood access, and site quality jointly influence environmental-risk reduction, health-supporting behavior, psychological restoration, and social interaction. The evidence reveals
a spatial trade-off. Larger, aggregated, and connected green patches generally provide stronger cooling and environmental regulation, whereas
smaller and dispersed spaces improve routine access and frequency of contact. Quality, biodiversity, safety, maintenance, and social inequality
determine whether nominal provision becomes meaningful exposure and health benefit. The review proposes a multiscale approach combining
citywide ecological networks, accessible neighborhood spaces, and site-level quality management. Evaluation should move beyond per-capita
area to include walking access, quality, actual use, equity, seasonal exposure, and potential health risks.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.70711/frim.v4i9.10246
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