The Past, Present, and Future Prospects of Physicochemical Analysis Techniques for Odorants in Water
Abstract
varying degrees of pollution, with an increasing complexity of pollutants in the water, which has garnered widespread attention from the
public and researchers in recent years. Geosmin (GSM) and 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) are among the most common odor-causing substances
found in water. As detection technologies advance, an increasing number of odor-causing substances can be identified, but the extremely low
concentrations of these substances in water, coupled with the potential for interference from other odorants, pose challenges for qualitative
and quantitative analysis. The evaluation and detection techniques for these substances are increasingly gaining attention and have made significant progress. A comprehensive review follows.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
[1] Liato V, Ader M. Geosmin as a source of the earthy-musty smell in fruits, vegetables and water: Origins, impact on foods and water,
and review of the removing techniques. Chemosphere. 2017; 181:9-18.
[2] Aeree TE, Lee CY, Butts RM, Barnard J. Geosmin, the Earthy Component of Table Beet Odor. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chem-
istry. 1976; 24(2):430-1.
[3] Howgate P. Tainting of farmed fish by geosmin and 2-methyl-iso-borneol: A review of sensory aspects and of uptake/depuration Aquaculture. 2004; 234(1-4):155-81.
[4] McCallum R, Pendleton P, Schumann R, Trinh MU.Determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water using solid-phase
microextraction and gas chromatography-chemical ionisation/electron impact ionisation-ion-trap mass spectrometry. Analyst.1998;
123(10):2155-60.
[5] Weingart G, Schwartz H, Eder R, Sontag G. Determination of geosmin and 2, 4, 6-trichloroanisole in white and red Austrian wines by
headspace SPME-GC/MS and comparison with sensory analysis. European Food Research and Technology. 2010; 231(5):771-9.
[6] Tu, Xiang, et al. "Pollution status of volatile organic sulfur compounds causing odor in Xi River and factors influencing spatial distribution." Water Science & Technology Water Supply 20.2(2020).
[7] Tucker CS. Off-Flavor Problems in Aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science.2000; 8(1):45-88.
[8] Shin H S, Ahn H S. Simple, rapid, and sensitive determination of odorous compounds in water by GC-MS. Chromatographia, 2004,
59(1-2): 107-113
[9] Identification of 2, 3-butanedione (diacetyl) as the compound causing odor events at trace levels in the Llobregat River and Barcelonas
treated water (Spain)
[10] Doederer K, Gale D, Keller J.Effective removal of MIB and geosmin using MBBR for drinking water treatment[J].Water Research,
2019, 149: 440-447
[11] Bristow R L, Young I S, Pemberton A, et al.An extensive review of the extraction techniques and detection methods for the taste and
odour compound geosmin ( trans-1, 10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) in water[J].Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2019, 110: 233-248.
[12] SrinivasanR, Sorial G A.Treatment of taste and odor causing compounds 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in drinking water: a critical
review[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2011, 23(1): 1-13.
[13] Schller CEG, Grtler H, PedersenR, et al.Volatile metabolites from actinomycetes[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002,
50( 9): 2615-2621.
[14] Zaitlin B, Watson S B.Actinomycetes in relation to taste and odour in drinking water:myths, tenets and truths[J].Water Research, 2006,
40(9): 1741-1753.
[15] Sun D L, Yu J W, Yang M, et al.Occurrence of odor problems in drinking water of major cities across China[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science ? Engineering, 2014, 8(3): 411-416.
[16] Maruti A, Durn-Guerrero E, Barroso C G, et al.Optimization of a multiple headspace sorptive extraction method coupled to gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of volatile compounds in macroalgae[J].Journal of Chromatography A, 2018,
1551: 41-51.
[17] Zhang K J, Lin T F, Zhang T Q, et al.Characterization of typical taste and odor compounds formed by Microcystisaeruginosa[J].Journal
of Environmental Sciences, 2013, 25(8): 1539-1548.
[18] Wang C M, Yu J W, Guo Q Y, et al.Simultaneous quantification of fifty-one odor-causing compounds in drinking water using gas chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 79:100-110.
[19] Zhang Y C, Zhang N, Xu B B, et al.Occurrence of earthymusty taste and odors in the Taihu Lake, China: spatial and seasonal patterns[J].
RSC Advances, 2016, 6 ( 83 ): 79723-79733.
[20] Callejn R M, Ubeda C, Ros-Reina R, et al.Recent developments in the analysis of musty odour compounds in water and wine: a
review[J].Journal of Chromatography A, 2016, 1428: 72-85.
[21] Li Z, Hobson P, An W, et al. Earthy odor compounds production and loss in three cyanobacterial cultures[J]. Water Research, 2012,
46(16): 5165-5173.
[22] Cao T, Fang J, Jia Z, et al. Early warning of MIB episode based on gene abundance and
[23] Su M, Suruzzaman M, Zhu Y, et al. Ecological niche and in-situ control of MIB producers in source water[J]. Journal of Environmental
Sciences, 2021, 110: 119-128.
[24] Guo Q, Yu J, Zhao Y, et al. Identification of fishy odor causing compounds produced by Ochromonas sp. and Cryptomonas ovate with
gas chromatography-olfactometry and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019,
671: 149-156.
[25] Deng X, Ruan L, Ren R, et al. Phosphorus accelerate the sulfur cycle by promoting the release of malodorous volatile organic sulfur
compounds from Microcystis in freshwater lakes[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 845: 157280.
[26] Suffet I H, Mallevialle J, Kawczynski E.Advances in taste-and-odor treatment and control[J]. 1995.
[27] Suffet, I.H., Brady, B.M., Bartels, J.H.M., Burlingame, G., Mallevialle, J. and Yohe, T. (1988).Development of the flavor profile analysis
method into a standard method for sensory analysis of water.Wat. Sci. Tech., 20(8/9), 1-9.
[28] AWWA Taste and Odor Committee (2002). Committee report: options for a taste and odor standard. J.Amer. Water Works Assoc., 94(6),
80-87.
[29] the twentieth edition, standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater method 2150[S].2005:12-15
[30] Rashash, Diana M.C, A. M. Dietrich, and R. C. Hoehn. "FPA of Selected Odorous Compounds (PDF)." Journal - American Water Works
Association 89.4(1997):131-141.
[31] W.F.Young, H.Horth, R.Crane, et al.Taste and odour threshold concentrations of potential potable water contaminants[J].Water Research, 1996, 30(2):331-340.
[32] Chi, X., Liu, J., Yu, M., Xie, Z., & Jiang, G. (2017). Analysis of bromophenols in various aqueous samples using solid phase extraction
followed by HPLC-MS/MS. Talanta, 164, 5763.
[33] Grob K, Zrcher F. Stripping of trace organic substances from water. Equipment and procedure1976. 28594 p.
[34] Hwang, Cordelia J., et al. "Determination of subnanogram per liter levels of earthy-musty odorants in water by the salted closed-loop
stripping method." Environmental Science and Technology 18.7(1984).
[35] Hassett, A. J, and E. R. Rohwer. "Analysis of odorous compounds in water by isolation by closed-loop stripping with a multichannel
silicone rubber trap followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." J.chromatogr.a 849.2(1999):521-8.
[36] Zander, Amy K., and P. Pingert. "Membrane-based extraction for detection of tastes and odors in water." Water Research 31.2(1997):0-
309.
[37] B. Ginzburg, I. Chalifa, T. Zohary, O. Hadas, I. Dor, O. Lev, Water Res. 32 (1998) 1789
[38] L. Malleret, A. Bruchet, M.C. Hennion, Anal. Chem. 73 (2001) 1485
[39] Nallanthigal Sridhara Chary, Amadeo R. Fernandez-Alba, Determination of volatile organic compounds in drinking and environmental
waters, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 32, 2012, Pages 60-75, ISSN 0165-9936.
[40] Carrera, Guillem, et al. "Simultaneous determination of the potential carcinogen 1, 4-dioxane and malodorous alkyl-1, 3-dioxanes and
alkyl-1, 3-dioxolanes in environmental waters by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry." Journal of
Chromatography A 1487(2017):1-13.
[41] "Application of SPE followed by large-volume injection GC/MS for the analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water."
Analytical Methods 7.16(2015):6678-6685.
[42] Baltussen E, Sandra P, David F, Cramers C.J.Microclo.Sep.1999, 11(10):737~747
[43] Bauld, T., et al. "A fast stir bar sorptive extraction method for the analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in source and drinking
water." Water Science & Technology 55.5(2007):59-67.
[44] Benanou, D., F. Acobas, and M. R. D. Roubin. "Optimization of stir bar sorptive extraction applied to the determination of odorous
compounds in drinking water." Water Science & Technology 49.9(2004):161-170.
[45] Jos Benito Quintana, et al. Multiresidue analysis of acidic and polar organic contaminants in water samples by stir-bar sorptive
extraction-liquid desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1174.1-2(2007):27-39.
[46] Vian PC, Adriana SO, Lcia PS, et al.Optimization of parameters of sampling and determination of reduced sulfur compounds using
cryogenic capture and gas chromatography in tropical urban atmosphere [J]. Microchem J, 2010, 96: 283-289.
[47] Suffet I H, Khiari D, Bruchet A.The drinking water taste and odor wheel for the millennium:Beyond geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol [
J].Water Science and Technology, 1999, 40(6):1-13.
[48] Fattahi, Nazir, et al. "Solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquidliquid microextraction-ultra preconcentration of
chlorophenols in aqueous samples." Journal of Chromatography A 1169.1-2(2007):63-69.
[49] Nazir Fattahi and Yaghoub Assadi and Mohammad Reza Milani Hosseini and Elham Zeini Jahromi. "Determination of chlorophenols in
water samples using simultaneous dispersive liquidliquid microextraction and derivatization followed by gas chromatography-electroncapture detection." Journal of Chromatography A (2007).
[50] Bai, Xiuzhi, et al. "Simultaneous dispersive liquidliquid microextraction based on a low-density solvent and derivatization followed by
gas chromatography for the simultaneous determination of chloroanisoles and the precursor 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol in water samples."
Journal of Separation Science 39.11(2016):2146-2155.
[51] Jian, et al. "Determination of Earthy-musty Odorous Compounds in Drinking Water by Vortex Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid
Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. " Analytical Sciences the International Journal of the
Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry (2016).
[52] Stahl, Peter D., and T. B. Parkin. "Purge-and-Trap Extraction of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol from Soil." Soil Science Society of
America Journal 58.4(1994):1163.
[53] Salemi, Amir, et al. "Automated trace determination of earthy-musty odorous compounds in water samples by on-line purge-and-trapgas chromatography-mass spectrometry. " Journal of Chromatography A 1136.2(2006):170-175.
[54] Deng, Xuwei, et al. "Simultaneous determination of eight common odors in natural water body using automatic purge and trap coupled
to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography A 1218.24(2011):3791-3798.
[55] Lian, Haixian, Q. Lin, and G. Sun. "Automated ultratrace determination of musty odiferous compounds from environmental waters by
online purge and trap (P&T) gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GCMS)." Instrumentation Science & Technology (2019).
[56] Akaishi, Satomi, et al. "Occurrence of an Odor Event in Agano River Basin and its Source Pollutant." Journal of Environmental
Chemistry 27.2(2017):29-34.
[57] Mccallum, Rebecca, et al. "Determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas
chromatography-chemical ionisation/electron impact ionisation-ion-trap mass spectrometry." Analyst 123(1998).
[58] balos, Manuela, J. M. Bayona, and F. Ventura. Development of a solid-phase microextraction GC-NPD procedure for the
determination of free volatile amines in wastewater and sewage-polluted waters. Analytical Chemistry 71.16(1999):3531-7.
[59] Cancho, B, F. Ventura, and M. T. Galceran. "Solid-phase microextraction for the determination of iodinated trihalomethanes in drinking
water." Journal of Chromatography A 841.2(1999):197.
[60] Drescher, Sadie R., and S. D. Brown. "Solid phase microextraction-gas chromatographicmass spectrometric determination of nitrous
oxide evolution to measure denitrification in estuarine soils and sediments." Journal of Chromatography A 1133.1-2(2006):300-304.
[61] Malleret, Laure, et al. "Simultaneous determination of "earthy-musty" odorous haloanisoles and their corresponding halophenols
in water samples using solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography with electron-capture detection." journal of
chromatography a 999.1(2003):135-144.
[62] Alfredo, et al. "Determination of odorous mixed chloro-bromoanisoles in water by solid-phase micro-extraction and gas
chromatographymass detection." Journal of Chromatography A 1064.1(2005):97-106.
[63] Alfredo Daz, F. Ventura, and M. T. Galceran. Identification of 2, 3-butanedione (diacetyl) as the compound causing odor events at
trace levels in the Llobregat River and Barcelonas treated water (Spain). Journal of Chromatography A 1034.1-2(2004):175-182.
[64] Diaz, Alfredo, F. Ventura, and M. T. Galceran. Determination of Henrys law constants for low volatile mixed halogenated anisoles
using solid-phase microextraction. Analytica Chimica Acta 589.1(2007):133-136.
[65] Sung, Yu Hsiang, T. Y. Li, and S. D. Huang. "Analysis of earthy and musty odors in water samples by solid-phase microextraction
coupled with gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry." Talanta 65.2(2005):518-524.
[66] Zhang, Lifeng, R. Hu, and Z. Yang. "Simultaneous picogram determination of "earthy-musty" odorous compounds in water using solidphase microextraction and gas chromatographymass spectrometry coupled with initial cool programmable temperature vaporizer inlet."
journal of chromatography a 1098.1-2(2005):7-13.
[67] Saito, K., K. Okamura, and H. Kataoka. "Determination of musty odorants, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin, in environmental water by
headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A (2008).
[68] Machado, S., et al. "New developments in the analysis of fragrances and earthymusty compounds in water by solid-phase
microextraction (metal alloy fibre) coupled with gas chromatography(tandem) mass spectrometry." Talanta 84.4(2011):1133-1140.
[69] Ma, Kang, et al. "Accurate analysis of trace earthy-musty odorants in water by headspace solid phase microextraction gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry." Journal of Separation Science 35.12(2015):1494-1501.
[70] Peng, Shifu, et al. "Orthogonal Design Study on Factors Affecting the Determination of Common Odors in Water Samples by Headspace
Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to GC/MS." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2013(2013):340658.
[71] Wu, Danyang, and S. E. Duirk. "Quantitative analysis of earthy and musty odors in drinking water sources impacted by wastewater and
algal derived contaminants." Chemosphere 91.11(2013):1495-1501.
[72] Xichao Chen, et al. "Simultaneous determination of ten taste and odor compounds in drinking water by solid-phase microextraction
combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. "Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013(11)2313-2323.
[73] Wen-Hui, L. U., et al. "Progress in Pre-treatment Techniques for Analysis on Odorous Compounds in Environmental Water." Journal of
Instrumental Analysis (2009).
[74] Yuan, Su Fen, et al. "Simultaneous determination of estrogenic odorant alkylphenols, chlorophenols, and their derivatives in water
using online headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." Environmental Science &
Pollution Research 19.19(2016):1-10.
[75] Kaziur, Wiebke, et al. "Automated determination of picogram-per-liter level of water taste and odor compounds using solid-phase
microextraction arrow coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry (2019).
[76] Enric Perarnau Oll, Josep Farr-Llads, and Jasmina Casals-Terr. Advancements in Microfabricated Gas Sensors and Microanalytical
Tools for the Sensitive and Selective Detection of Odors. Sensors 19(2020).
[77] Son, Manki., et al. "Real-time monitoring of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, representative odor compounds in water pollution using
bioelectronic nose with human-like performance." Biosensors & bioelectronics 74(2015):199-206.
[78] Park, Seon Joo, et al. "Real-time monitoring of geosmin based on an aptamer-conjugated graphene field-effect transistor." Biosensors &
Bioelectronics 174.1(2020):112804.
[79] Szulczy?ski Bartosz, et al. "Determination of Odour Interactions in Gaseous Mixtures Using Electronic Nose Methods with Artificial
Neural Networks." Sensors 18.2(2018):519-.
[80] Winquist, Fredrik, J. Olsson, and M. Eriksson. "Multicomponent analysis of drinking water by a voltammetric electronic tongue."
Analytica Chimica Acta 683. 2(2011):192-197.
[81] Tengteng, Wen, et al. "The Odor Characterizations and Reproductions in Machine Olfactions: A Review." Sensors 18.7(2018):2329.
[82] I.H. Suffet, A. Bruchet, C.C. Young, Water Sci. Technol. 6 (2006)167.
[83] Yan, Zhiming, et al. "Identification of odorous compounds in reclaimed water using FPA combined with sensory GC-MS." Journal of
Environmental Sciences. 23.10(2011):5.
[84] Guo, Qingyuan, et al. "Diagnosing complex odor problems occurring in micro-polluted source water: Primary approach and
application." Environmental Pollution 271.18(2020):116373.
[85] M.Rezaee, Y.Assadi, M.R.H.Hosseini, et al.Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid liquid microextraction.
Journal of Chromatography A, 2006, 1116(1-2):1-9
[86] Agnieszka Zgo?a-Grze?kowiak, Tomasz Grze?kowiak, Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,
Volume 30, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 1382-1399, ISSN 0165-9936.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.70711/frim.v2i8.5182
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.