Sustainability and the Global Expansion of Banking: Comparative Case Study Emerging and Established Markets

Abstract

This case study examines how sustainable globalization is pursued through integrative management and ESG-led principles in
two distinctly global banks: Barclays, a longstanding institution, and the fledgling Bank of China (BOC). Focusing on three neutral financial
centres (Japan, Australia, and Singapore), the research looks at the strengths and blind spots of incumbent and emerging banks. The findings
from a qualitative multi-method design also show how uniform approaches can disengage with local markets unless balanced with inclusive
practices. While Barclays displays strong international credibility and governance expertise, it lacks engagement with a broader local clientele. Conversely, BOC demonstrates robust local responsiveness, but questions linger about its global professionalism. The study highlights
the importance of hybrid strategies, including strategic subsidiaries, to harmonize global standards with local adaptation. Aligning financial
performance with social and environmental responsibilities will be pivotal for sustainable globalization, enabling both worldwide reach and
respect for local contexts.