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Geological and Mining Engineering

Geological and Mining Engineering (GME), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. GME is devoted to publish geological and mining engineering related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on geological and mining engineering throughout the world. GME welcomes all original

ISSN: 3029-1887(P)

3029-2034(O)

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Food Safety and Quality

Food Safety and Quality (FSQ), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. FSQ is devoted to publish food safety and quality related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on food safety and quality throughout the world. FSQ welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

ISSN: 3029-2115(P)

3029-2123(O)

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Hydraulic Engineering and Power Research

Hydraulic Engineering and Power Research (HEPR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. HEPR is devoted to publish hydraulic engineering and power related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on hydraulic engineering and power throughout the world. HEPR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2158(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2166(O)

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Medical and Health Research

Medical and Health Research (MHR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. MHR is devoted to publish medicine related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on medicine throughout the world. MHR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2190(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2204(O)

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Practical Medical Research

Practical Medical Research (PMR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. PMR is devoted to publish medicine related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on medicine throughout the world. PMR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2085(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2093(O)

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Forum on Research and Innovation Management

Forum on Research and Innovation Management (FRIM), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. FRIM is devoted to publish research and innovation management related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on research and innovation management throughout the world. FRIM welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1933(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-1984(O)

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Construction Safety Technology and Management

Construction Safety Technology and Management (CSTM), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. CSTM is devoted to publish construction safety technology and management related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on construction safety technology and management throughout the world. CSTM welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2069(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2077(O)

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Industrial Technology Research

Industrial Technology Research (ITR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. ITR is devoted to publish industrial technology related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on industrial technology throughout the world. ITR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1895(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2026(O)

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Environmental Protection and Health

Environmental Protection and Health (EPH), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. EPH is devoted to publish environmental protection and health related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on environmental protection and health throughout the world. EPH welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1909(P)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2018(O)

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Artificial Intelligence Technology Research

Artificial Intelligence Technology Research (AITR), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. AITR is devoted to publish artificial intelligence technology related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on artificial intelligence technology throughout the world. AITR welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1968(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-195X(P)
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Curriculum Learning and Exploration

Curriculum Learning and Exploration (CLE), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. CLE is devoted to publish curriculum related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on curriculum throughout the world. CLE welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1976(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-1941(P)
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Evaluation of Educational Research

Evaluation of Educational Research (EER), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. EER is devoted to publish education related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on education throughout the world. EER welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-1992(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-1925(P)
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World Education Forum

World Education Forum (WEF), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. WEF is devoted to publish education related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on education throughout the world. WEF welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-214X(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2131(P)

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New Explorations in Education and Teaching

New Explorations in Education and Teaching (NEET), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. NEET is devoted to publish education related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on education throughout the world. NEET welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-200X(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-1917(P)

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Modern Economic Management Forum

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Modern Economic Management Forum (MEMF), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. MEMF is devoted to publish modern economic management related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on economic management throughout the world. MEMF welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2182(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2174(P)

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Research and Commentary on Humanities and Arts

Research and Commentary on Humanities and ArtsÂ (RCHA), published by Scineer Publishing PTE. LTD, is an open-access journal. RCHA is devoted to publish humanities and arts related articles in the form of original papers, review papers and case studies. It also provides a platform for scholars to exchange the latest information in the related fields and aim to promote the research on humanities and arts throughout the world. RCHA welcomes all original manuscripts that do not be published in any other journals.Â

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Â Â Â Â Â Â ISSN: 3029-2050(O)

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3029-2042(P)

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Scineer Publishing is a publisher of open access journals. Covering various disciplines and promoting interdisciplinary development, Scineer Publishing adheres to a principle of respecting academics, and publishes insightful and rigorous academic research contents.

12 Eu Tong Sen Street, #07-168, Singapore 059819

E-mail: scineerpub@126.com

Copyright © 2023 Scineer Publishing Pte. Ltd.

Differential Degradation of Permafrost Induced by Airport Runways under Climate Warming

Yichen Ma*

Abstract

Against the backdrop of global climate warming, airport infrastructure in permafrost regions faces increasing risks associated with
thermal disturbance. Runway construction alters surface–subsurface energy exchange, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of underlying perma
frost to future climate forcing. In this study, CMIP6 climate projections under the SSP3-7.0 and SSP1-2.6 scenarios were applied in a one-di
mensional unsteady heat-conduction model to simulate the evolution of ground temperature profiles beneath the runway centerline, shoulder,
and adjacent natural ground from 2020 to 2100. The analysis examines changes in active-layer thickness, the depth of the 0°C isotherm, maxi
mum freezing depth, and multi-year mean ground temperature. The results show that: (1)under both scenarios, runway structures substantially
modify the surface energy balance, producing significantly higher ground temperatures beneath the centerline than beneath natural ground;
(2) under SSP3-7.0, the 0 °C isotherm rises by 2.8-4.1 m beneath the centerline and 1.9-3.0 m beneath natural ground by 2100, indicating sus
tained permafrost degradation; (3) under SSP1-2.6, permafrost warming beneath the shoulder and natural ground is notably reduced, weaken
ing the degradation trend; and (4) runway-induced thermal disturbances exhibit a clear gradient, strongest beneath the centerline, followed by
the shoulder, and weakest on natural ground. These findings elucidate the differentiated permafrost degradation driven by climate forcing and
engineering disturbance,providing scientific support for the design and maintenance of airport infrastructure in permafrost regions.

Keywords

Climate warming; Permafrost;Airport runway; SSP3-7.0; SSP1-2.6

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References

[1] Andersland, O. B., & Ladanyi, B. (2004). Frozen ground engineering.

[2] Burke, E. J., Zhang,Y., & Krinner, G. (2020). Evaluating permafrost physics in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6)

models and their sensitivity to climate change. The Cryosphere, 14(9), 3155-3174.

[3] Darrow, M. M. (2011). Thermal modeling of roadway embankments over permafrost. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 65(3),

474-487.

[4] Gornov, V. F., Stepanov, S. P., Vasilyeva, M. V., & Vasilyev, V. I. (2014, November). Mathematical modeling of heat transfer problems

in the permafrost. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1629,No. 1,pp. 424-431).American Institute of Physics.

[5] Hjort, J., Streletskiy, D., Doré, G., Wu, Q., Bjella, K., & Luoto, M. (2022). Impacts of permafrost degradation on infrastructure. Nature

Reviews Earth & Environment, 3(1), 24-38.

[6] Koven, C. D., Riley, W. J., & Stern,A. (2013).Analysis of permafrost thermal dynamics and response to climate change in the CMIP5

Earth system models. Journal of climate, 26(6), 1877-1900.

[7] Lawrence, D. M., & Slater,A. G. (2005).A projection of severe near-surface permafrost degradation during the 21st century. Geophysi

cal research letters, 32(24).

[8] Romanovsky, V. E., & Osterkamp, T. E. (2000). Effects of unfrozen water on heat and mass transport processes in the active layer and

permafrost. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 11(3), 219-239.

[9] Schaefer, K., Lantuit, H., Romanovsky, V. E., Schuur, E.A., & Witt, R. (2014). The impact of the permafrost carbon feedback on global

climate. Environmental Research Letters, 9(8), 085003.

[10] Suter, L., Streletskiy, D., & Shiklomanov, N. (2019). Assessment of the cost of climate change impacts on critical infrastructure in the

circumpolar Arctic. Polar Geography, 42(4), 267-286.

[11]Streletskiy, D.A., Shiklomanov,N. I., &Nelson, F. E. (2012). Permafrost, infrastructure, and climate change: a GIS-based landscape ap

proach to geotechnical modeling.Arctic,Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 44(3), 368-380.

[12] Smith, S. L., O'Neill, H. B., Isaksen, K., Noetzli, J., Romanovsky, V. E. (2022). The changing thermal state of permafrost. Nature Re

views Earth & Environment, 3(1), 10-23.

[13] Weibo, L. I. U., Wenbing, Y. U., Lin, C. H. E. N., Xin, Y. I., Fenglei, H.A. N., & Da, H. U. (2015). Techniques of airport runway con

struction in permafrost regions:A review. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 37(6), 1599-1610.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.70711/frim.v4i4.9064

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Scineer Publishing is a publisher of open access journals. Covering various disciplines and promoting interdisciplinary development, Scineer Publishing adheres to a principle of respecting academics, and publishes insightful and rigorous academic research contents.

12 Eu Tong Sen Street, #07-168, Singapore 059819

E-mail: scineerpub@126.com

Copyright © 2023 Scineer Publishing Pte. Ltd.