Analysis of the Effectiveness of Ecological Restoration Technologies in River and Lake Basins for Water Pollution Control

Abstract

Water pollution in river and lake basins is a pressing issue facing the current ecological environment, posing a serious threat to regional water security and biodiversity. As a key means of addressing water pollution, ecological restoration technologies play an irreplaceable
role in improving aquatic environments and restoring ecological functions. However, in practical application, various restoration technologies
still suffer from issues such as a lack of diversity in their configuration and insufficient synergy, which limits the effectiveness of remediation
efforts. Starting from the significance of water pollution control, this paper systematically analyses the characteristics and current status of
four core technologies: phytoremediation, microbial remediation, physical-ecological remediation, and constructed wetland remediation. It
proposes application strategies covering the rational configuration of plant communities, precise regulation of microbial communities, integration of physical engineering measures, and optimisation of constructed wetland structures, with the aim of providing guidance for water pollution control in river and lake basins.