Research Progress on the Synergistic Mechanism of PD-1 Inhibitor Combined with TKI in Renal Cancer Therapy
Abstract
the tumor microenvironment: TKIs normalize vasculature and suppress immunosuppressive cells, while PD-1 blockade reactivates T-cell
cytotoxicity. Phase III trials (e.g., KEYNOTE-426, CheckMate 9ER) confirm superior survival, though efficacy varies by risk stratification.
Future directions include novel targets (e.g., HIF-2?), biomarker-driven precision medicine, and perioperative applications.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.70711/pmr.v2i8.8276
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