From the Perspective of Risk Symbiosis: The Governance Logic of Labor Outsourcing in Universities

Abstract

As universities expand their service scale while facing strict permanent staffing limits, labor outsourcing has become a vital institutional method to maintain daily campus services. However, this model creates structural risks: unclear accountability, insufficient proactive
oversight, and weak legal guarantees for outsourced employees. Based on risk symbiosis theory, this paper argues that outsourcing risks are
internal institutional troubles resulting from conflicting stakeholder interests, broken supervision chains and rigid identity barriers, which
spread and amplify interactively. Unlike traditional scattered risk intervention measures, this research constructs an integrated governance
framework for symbiotic risks. Universities ought to carry out forward-looking risk management instead of attempting to wipe out all risks
completely, build cross-department joint oversight mechanisms, and set up a full-cycle dynamic management system covering supplier access,
daily monitoring, performance assessment and exit rules. These institutional adjustments can coordinate commercial operating efficiency,
campus safety and the legal rights of outsourced workers.