Study on Plasma IL-5 and sFas-L in Exanthematous Drug Eruption and Infectious Mononucleosis
Abstract
maculopapular rashes. However, the pathogenesis of the two conditions differs: EDE are mediated by hypersensitivity reactions, whereas IM
is caused by viral infection. These divergent mechanisms may be reflected in distinct cytokine expression profiles during disease progression.
This study aimed to identify potential cytokine-based diagnostic markers by measuring plasma levels of IL-5 and sFas-L in patients with EDE
and IM. Methods: A total of 20 patients diagnosed with EDE, 20 patients with IM, and 20 healthy controls were recruited from the Affiliated
Hospital of Chengde Medical University. Plasma levels of IL-5 and sFas-L were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: Compared with the control group, plasma IL-5 concentrations were significantly elevated in both the EDE group and the IM group,
with statistically significant differences (P< 0.05). However, the difference in IL-5 levels between the eruptive drug eruption group and the
control group was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the plasma sFasL concentration was significantly elevated in the eruptive drug eruption group and the IM group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). However, no significant difference
in sFasL levels was found between the eruptive drug eruption group and the IM group (P> 0.05). The IM group showed significantly higher
rates of elevated peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, CK-MB, and LDH levels, as well as a greater frequency of decreased serum phosphorus
(P) compared to the drug eruption group (P<0.05). Conversely, lymphopenia was more prevalent in the drug eruption group than in the IM
group, also showing statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion: Plasma IL-5 levels were elevated in both conditions and thus sFas-L were
not useful for differential diagnosis. Additionally, increased levels of peripheral lymphocytes, CK-MB, LDH, and decreased serum phosphorus are suggestive of IM, while lymphopenia is more indicative of drug eruption.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.70711/mhr.v2i6.6851
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