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AI-Based Pendulum Motion Recognition and Period Prediction Using Smartphone Sensor Data

Yunhang Xia, Xu Zhang

Abstract


This study presents an AI-based framework for classifying pendulum motion and estimating an amplitude-corrected reference period from inertial signals. A controlled pilot dataset contained 1, 300 five-second sequences sampled at 50 Hz and represented stationary, smallangle periodic, large-angle periodic, damped, and disturbed motion. Forty-eight time-domain, frequency-domain, and cross-channel features
were extracted from three specific-force channels and one angular-velocity channel. Four lightweight model families were evaluated using
a single stratified 80/20 train-test split. On 260 classification test sequences, random forest achieved 99.62% accuracy and a macro-F1 score
of 99.62%. On 208 non-stationary sequences, support vector regression achieved an RMSE of 0.052 s and R² of 0.962, while random-forest
regression produced an MAE of 0.026 s and MAPE of 1.41%. The results establish a quantitative benchmark for the proposed framework under the defined study conditions. Repeated leakage-controlled validation and the release of code, data, split indices, and final hyperparameters
would further strengthen reproducibility and generalizability.

Keywords


Pendulum dynamics; Inertial sensors; Motion classification; Period regression; Physics-guided machine learning; Time-series analysis

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.70711/frim.v4i8.10021

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