Preparation and Application of Carbon Nanotube Heating Films for Extreme Environments in Smart Wearables

Abstract

With the expansion of extreme scenarios such as polar exploration and plateau operations, the demand for environmental adaptability of smart wearable devices has become increasingly urgent. Traditional heating materials are difficult to meet the harsh application
requirements due to inherent shortcomings in energy efficiency, stability, and flexibility. This paper takes carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the core
functional material to systematically carry out research on the optimization of heating film preparation processes and integrated applications
in smart wearables. By analyzing the microstructure and electrothermal conversion mechanism of CNTs, comparing the process characteristics of solution-based film formation, vacuum filtration method, and spray coating method, the core preparation technology route suitable for
flexible wearable scenarios is determined; with the help of extreme environment simulation experiments, the evolution law of thermoelectric
performance of the heating film under the action of -40? ~80? temperature range, 95% relative humidity, and repeated mechanical stress
is explored; based on the performance test results, three types of application schemes including intelligent thermal clothing, integrated health
monitoring and thermotherapy equipment, and extreme environment operation equipment are designed, and the technical advantages of CNTs
heating films are verified by comparing with traditional metal heating wires and polymer heating films. Finally, the core challenges in the
large-scale promotion of this technology are summarized, and the development direction of multi-material composite modification and intelligent integration is prospected, providing theoretical support and technical reference for the performance upgrading of smart wearable devices
in extreme environments.