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Study on the Murals of the Spirit Official Cave at Xumishan

Lu Wang

Abstract


As the largest grotto complex in Ningxia, Xumishan grottoes bear witness to the integration of multi-ethnic and multi-religious cultures. Cave No. 50, named the Spirit Official Cave for its surviving murals featuring the Spirit Official deity, is a representative Daoist grotto
excavated in the Tang Dynasty and repainted during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Taking the cave's extant murals as research materials, this
paper sorts out classical textual sources of the mural stories and conducts iconographic analysis from visual details and character modeling.
Combined with coeval mural relics, it analyzes the artistic features of the Spirit Official Cave murals from dimensions including line drawing
techniques, grid composition, pigment and color application. This grotto serves as a typical physical evidence of the integration of Buddhism
and Daoism as well as the localization of folk Daoist fine arts on the eastern Silk Road.

Keywords


Xumishan grottoes; Wang Lingguan; Artistic Features

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References


[1] Yang Jing (comp.), Records of Guyuan Prefecture (Jiajing), collected in Dual Records of Guyuan Prefecture, Yinchuan: Ningxia People's Publishing House, 1985, p.12.

[2] Huang Yongfeng, Chen Hongyi. Analysis on the Origin of Wang Lingguan's Worship Centered on His Shifting Divine Identity, Studies

in World Religions, Issue 11, 2023.

[3] Perfect Man Sa, Heavenly Master Sa and Ancestor Sa are different honorifics for Sa Shoujian. "Perfect Man" refers to high Daoist cultivation; "Heavenly Master" highlights his status among Four Great Daoist Masters; "Ancestor Sa" derives from his foundational position

in Divine Thunder Sect lineage, widely accepted from the Song to Ming dynasties as seen in this cave's murals.

[4] Lu Yao. Textual Research on Genealogy of the Eighteen Line Drawing Manuals [Master Thesis], Harbin Normal University, 2019.

[5] Wang Hehe. Historical Evolution of the Concept of Eighteen Line Drawings in Ancient Figure Painting [Master Thesis], Central Academy of Fine Arts, 2010.

[6] Hu Zhao. Research on Comic-Strip Murals at Zhenguo Temple, Pingyao, North China University of Science and Technology.

[7] Ningxia Institute of Cultural Relics et al. (eds.), Archaeological Report of Xumishan grottoes: Yuanguang Temple Volume II, Beijing:

Cultural Relics Press, 2020, p.409.

[8] Hu Zhao. Research on Comic-Strip Murals at Zhenguo Temple, Pingyao, North China University of Science and Technology.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.70711/rcha.v4i8.10191

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